Toddlers are just like the rest of us — they don't always listen. In
fact, at their age they need you to teach them how to pay attention.
"But what often happens," says Roni Leiderman, associate dean of the
Family Centre at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale,
Florida, "is that parents say something 10 times, then they start
counting down to punishment. What this does is actually condition the
child not to listen until the tenth time."
By not listening, your
child is getting your attention (though constant nagging isn't the best
form of it). But being a good listener helps your child learn more
effectively, heed danger signals, get along better with you and her
teachers and other adults she'll be expected to respect, and make better
friends. There are many simple strategies that, when consistently
followed, will teach toddlers the skills they need to become good
listeners. And, as Leiderman points out, "It's never too early to begin
teaching your child. A toddler may not listen as well as a 5-year-old,
but she still has lots of these skills."
Get on her level.As
every parent realises sooner or later, bellowing from a great height
(much less from the other room) rarely has the desired effect. Squat
down or pick your child up, so you can look her in the eye and grab her
attention. She'll listen much more closely if you sit down next to her
at the breakfast table when reminding her to eat up her cornflakes, or
perch on her bed at night when telling her you're about to turn out the
light. Eye contact is critical and most effective when you're
face-to-face with your child.
Be clear.State
your message clearly, simply, and authoritatively. Your child will zone
out if you harp on a topic too long. It's hard to find the point of a
wordy message such as "It's really cold outside, and you've been sick
lately, so I want you to put on your sweater before we go to the store."
On
the other hand, "It's time to get your sweater" is unmistakable. And
don't phrase something as a question if your child doesn't actually have
a choice. "It's time to climb into your car seat" has a lot more impact
than "Come climb into your car seat, okay, honey?"
It's good to
give toddlers choices, too. Just be sure you're okay with all the
options you offer — and stick with only two. By allowing your toddler to
make limited choices, he'll feel empowered (and you'll be satisfied
with the result).
Follow through — quickly.Make
it clear that you mean what you say, and don't make threats — or
promises — you won't keep. If you tell your 2-year-old, "You need to
drink some milk at dinnertime," don't waffle five minutes later and let
her have juice instead. If you warn her she'll have a time-out if she
hits her brother, give her that time-out when the blow comes.
Make
sure your spouse or partner shares your rules and respects them as
well, so that neither of you undermines the other. And if there's a
disagreement, talk it through with your partner so you're both clear
about what needs to be said or done when the issue comes up again (as it
surely will).
In addition, make your follow-through speedy. You
would never expect to have to shout "Don't run across the street!" five
times before your child heeded you.
It's also important for your
child to know when something is especially dangerous and for you to
demonstrate how to approach it safely. For example, when your child
crosses the street, be sure to always hold his hand — that way he'll
associate the danger of cars with being careful.
And don't fall
into the trap of repeating less urgent instructions, such as "Set your
cup on the table," over and over again before expecting your child to
comply. Gently guide your child's hand to place the cup on the table so
she knows exactly what you want her to do.
Reinforce your message.It
often helps to follow up your verbal statement with a number of other
kinds of messages, especially if you are trying to pull your child away
from an absorbing activity. Say "Time for bed!" and then give a visual
cue (flicking the light switch on and off), a physical cue (laying a
hand on her shoulder to gently pull her attention away from her doll and
toward you), and a demonstration (steering her toward her bed, pulling
down the covers, and patting the pillow).
Give warnings.Give
your child some advance notice before a big change will take place,
especially if she's happily involved with toys or a friend. Before
you're ready to leave the house, tell her, "We're going to leave in a
few minutes. When I call you, it's time to come out of the sandbox and
wash your hands."
Give realistic instructions — and make them fun
."If
you tell a 2-year-old to put his toys away, he looks around the room
and says, 'Sheesh!'" says Leiderman. "Give him realistic tasks, like
'Let's put the yellow blocks away.' Then you can make it into play:
'Good, now let's put the
blue blocks away.'"
Motivate.Yelling
orders may produce results (in some children), but no one will enjoy
the process. Most children respond best when you treat them with
confident good humour. For example, occasionally use a silly voice or a
song to deliver your message. You might sing "Now it's time to brush
your teeth" to the tune of "London Bridge," for example.
Stress
the benefits of complying over mere dutifulness ("Brush your teeth and
then you can pick out your favourite nightgown" instead of "You have to
brush your teeth or you'll get cavities" or "Brush your teeth NOW!").
Praise her when she finishes brushing, with "Good listening!"
The good humour, affection, and trust you demonstrate to your child when speaking to her this way will make her
want
to listen to you, because she'll know that you love her and think she's
special. This is an important aspect of even those strategies that
require firmness.
Giving straightforward, authoritative
instructions does not mean you have to be crabby — such messages are
much more powerful when accompanied by a hug or a smile. Then your child
learns that paying attention to you is worthwhile.
Model good behaviour.Preschoolers
will be better listeners if they see that you are a good listener, too.
Make it a habit to listen to your child as respectfully as you would to
any adult. Look at her when she talks to you, respond politely, and let
her finish without interrupting whenever possible.
While it may
seem like a tall order when you're cooking dinner and your toddler is
being especially chatty, try not to walk away from her or turn your back
on her while she's talking. As with so many other behaviours, the old
saw "Do as I say, not as I do" has no value when teaching your children
to listen.
Catch your child being good.
How
often is communication to your child about what she's doing wrong?
Would you want to listen to someone — a boss, say — who only gave you
negative guidance? Your child is more likely to listen to you if you
notice when she's behaving well and comment on it. "You put your dolls
away the first time I asked. Good job!" or "You were very gentle with
the puppy. I'm proud of you!" Make sure you give your toddler plenty of
positive reinforcement and she'll be less likely to tune you out when
you need to steer her back on course.
Resources:
http://www.babycenter.com
Numerous books provide sound advice in this area. Among the most popular are
How to Talk So Kids Will Listen, and Listen So Kids Will Talk, by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish,
Discipline Without Spanking or Shouting, by Jerry Wyckoff and Barbara Unell, and
Raising Your Spirited Child, by Mary Sheedy Kurcinka.